Home/Science of Learning/Study Techniques

Study Techniques That
Actually Work

Based on the landmark 2013 study by Dunlosky et al., reviewing decades of learning research.

High-Impact Techniques

These methods are supported by strong research evidence

1

Practice Testing

High effectiveness

Quiz yourself or take practice tests on material you're trying to learn

Why it works:

Retrieval strengthens memory more than re-studying

How to use it:

Create flashcards, do practice problems, use self-quizzing apps

Learn more about the science →
2

Distributed Practice

High effectiveness

Spread your studying over multiple sessions rather than cramming

Why it works:

Spacing forces retrieval from long-term memory, strengthening it

How to use it:

Study in short sessions across days/weeks, not marathon sessions

Learn more about the science →
3

Interleaved Practice

Moderate-High effectiveness

Mix different topics or problem types during a study session

Why it works:

Forces discrimination between concepts, builds flexible knowledge

How to use it:

Shuffle problem types rather than practicing one type at a time

Learn more about the science →
4

Elaborative Interrogation

Moderate effectiveness

Ask yourself 'why' and 'how' questions about the material

Why it works:

Creates connections between new and existing knowledge

How to use it:

For each fact, ask 'Why is this true?' and try to explain it

5

Self-Explanation

Moderate effectiveness

Explain material to yourself as you study it

Why it works:

Activates deeper processing and identifies gaps in understanding

How to use it:

After reading a section, explain the main ideas in your own words

What Doesn't Work (Despite Popularity)

These common techniques have weak research support

Technique
Rating
Problem
Highlighting
Low
Creates illusion of learning without actual processing
Re-reading
Low
Passive; familiarity confused with understanding
Summarizing
Low-Moderate
Helpful only with training; most students do it poorly
Keyword mnemonics
Low-Moderate
Limited applicability; doesn't aid understanding
Mental imagery
Low-Moderate
Only works for certain material; hard to apply broadly

How Cruxly Implements These Techniques

Knowing about effective techniques is one thing. Actually using them consistently is another. Cruxly builds the science in so you don't have to think about it:

  • Practice testing — Every interaction is a quiz, not passive review
  • Distributed practice — Spaced repetition schedules optimal review times
  • Interleaved practice — Questions from different topics are mixed

You just photo your notes and start studying. The science happens automatically.

FAQ

What makes a study technique 'evidence-based'?

It's been tested in controlled research studies, ideally across different subjects, age groups, and settings. The techniques listed here have decades of research support.

Why don't schools teach these methods?

Great question. Despite strong evidence, these techniques aren't widely taught. Most students learn ineffective methods (highlighting, re-reading) and never discover what actually works.

Can I combine multiple techniques?

You should combine them. Practice testing + distributed practice is especially powerful. Cruxly combines testing, spacing, and interleaving automatically.

How long until I see results?

You'll notice improved recall within 1-2 weeks. Long-term retention benefits build over months. The key is consistency—these techniques compound over time.

Study smarter, not harder

Cruxly applies the best techniques automatically.

Get Early Access